These pilot translocations were a biological proof of concept experiment, and following the success of this study (translocated individuals changed phenotype) a larger scale of translocation of 100,000 individuals from deep to shallow water is underway to determine if it may be commercially viable. These have been identified as a large red morph and a small pale morph. The shallow water phenotype is characterised by a darker red shell colour, larger body size and shape, higher vitality for live transport and faster growth rate, as compared to the deep water phenotype. Importantly, there are clear phenotypic differences between these shallow and deep water populations of southern rock lobster. Between 20, 30,000 lobsters were translocated from deeper water (>60 metres depth) locations in Tasmania, Australia, and released in shallower water locations (0-30 m depth). Pilot translocations were trialled in the southern rock lobster ( Jasus edwardsii), to determine if it was possible to improve value and productivity of the Australian stock. Understanding genetic connectivity between populations is key for effective species management and successful translocations between populations. If translocation programs between populations fail to recognise genetic differences between prospective populations, the process can have serious effects on the species in question, including partial or complete replacement of the local population, competition resulting in population size reduction, inbreeding depression, outbreeding depression and consequent loss in fitness, ‘swamping’ or disease introduction, or loss of localized adaptations. Successful translocation of individuals is reliant on a number of biological, behavioural and genetic factors. Translocation has been used commonly throughout agricultural history, and it is currently also an important conservation strategy for threatened species. Human-mediated movement of species, known as translocation or assisted migration, is increasing in popularity as a strategy to maintain species abundance, connectivity and diversity. These results suggest that translocation among Tasmanian populations are not likely to be problematic, however, a re-consideration of panmictic stock structure for this species is necessary. Based on analyses the assumption of panmixia was rejected, revealing small levels of genetic differentiation across southern Tasmania, significant levels of differentiation between Tasmania and New Zealand, and high levels of asymmetric gene flow in an easterly direction from Tasmania into New Zealand. Eight microsatellite loci were used to investigate genetic differentiation between six sites (three shallow, three deep) across southern Tasmania, Australia, and one from New Zealand. edwardsii range has been long assumed, it is critical to assess the genetic variability of the species to ensure that the level of population connectivity is appropriately understood and translocations do not have unintended consequences. Translocations of individuals from deeper water to shallower waters are currently being trialled as a management strategy to facilitate a phenotypic change from lower value pale colouration, common in deeper waters, to the higher value red colouration found in shallow waters. The southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, shows clear phenotypic differences between shallow water (red coloured) and deeper water (pale coloured) individuals. (Table S2.3) Fst's across all populations without loci JE_07, _17 and _01
(Table S2.2) Fst's across All Populations without Locus JE_01 (Table S2.1) Fst's across all populations without locus JE_17.
TAR, Taroona Reserve MBI, Mutton Bird Island HI, Hobbs Island MAT, Maatsyuker Island CQE, Cape Queen Elizabeth EP, East Pyramids NZ, New Zealand. Bold indicates significant values of p value <0.05, * indicates significant values after Bonferroni correction of p<0.002381. Table S2: Fst's across all populations without locus JE_07.ĭata set of Fst values.
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